ყველაზე კარგად შესწავლილი თანამგზავრი "მთვარე"

"მთვარე"

   mTvare dedamiwis erTaderTi bunebrivi Tanamgzavria da sididiT mexuTe

Tanamgzavria mzis sistemaSi. dedamiwasa da mTvares Soris saSualo

manZili 384,403 kilometria (rac daaxloebiT 6-jer aRemateba dedamiwis

diametrs). dedamiwa-mTvare sistemis masaTa centri (baricentri)

mdebareobs 1700 km-ze dedamiwis centridan (daaxloebiT dedamiwis

radiusis meoTxedze). mTvare asrulebs srul bruns dedamiwis garSemo

orbitaze 27,3 dReRameSi (orbituli periodi). da sistemis dedamiwamTvare-

mze perioduli variaciebi iwvevs mTvaris fazaTa cvlilebas,

rac meordeba yovel 29,5 dReSi (sinoduri periodi).

mTvaris diametri 3,474 km-ia, dedamiwis diametris meoTxedze odnav

meti. Sesabamisad mTvaris zedapiri dedamiwis zedapiris daaxloebiT

meaTedia, xolo misi moculoba dedamiwis moculobis 2%-ia. mTvaris

mizidulobis Zala zedapirze daaxloebiT dedamiwis mizidulobis

Zalis 17% (daaxloebiT 6-jer mcire).

 

mTvare dedamiwis sistemis ramdenime parametri

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mTvaris warmoSoba

   dRevandeli monacemebiT mTvare warmoiqmna 4.527 ±0.010 miliardi wlis

winaT. mzis sistemis warmoqmnidan (4.6 miliardi weli) daaxloebiT 30-50

milioni wlis Semdeg. dReisaTvis mTvaris warmoSobis Sesaxeb arsebul

TeoriebSi yvelaze misaRebia e. w. didi Sejaxebis Teoria. am Teoriis

mixedviT, protoplanetebis Seqmnis Semdeg male (drois geologiuri

masStabiT), daaxloebiT marsis zomis hipoTeturi protoplaneta Teia

(Theia) Seejaxa dedamiwas. am hipoTezis Tanaxmad protoplaneta Teia

Camoyalibda dedamiwis orbitis lagranJis wertilSi – is moZraobda

igive orbitaze, mxolod 60◦ -iT win an ukan. lagranJis wertilSi

planetis arsebobisas sistema maSinaa stabiluri, roca am planetis

masa gacilebiT naklebia ZiriTadi planetis masaze. planetebis

Camoyalibebis procesSi Teias masa sakmaod gaizarda, sistemis

stabiluroba dairRva da is Seejaxa dedamiwas. Sejaxebis Sedegad

Teias mantia da dedamiwis mantiis nawili kosmosur sivrceSi

gaityorcna kosmosur sivrceSi, Teias birTvi CaiZira dedamiwaSi.

dajaxebis Sedegad Seicvala dedamiwis orbitis daxra da brunvis

siCqare. kosmosur sivrceSi gatyorcnili nivTierebis akreciis Sedegad

warmoiqmna mTvare.

mTvaris saSualo temperatura dRisiT 107 °C, xolo RamiT −153 °C.

mTvaris zedapiri

mTvaris ori mxare

   mTvare sinqronul brunvas asrulebs, rac imas niSnavs, rom is

sakuTari RerZis garSemo erT bruns igive dros andomebs, rasac

dedamiwis garSemo orbitaze Semobrunebas. amis Sedegad mTvare

dedamiwisken yovelTvis erTi mxariT arsi moqceuli. warsulSi mTvare

ufro swrafad brunavda, magram brunvis siCqare Seanela da mTvaris

orientacia dedamiwis mimarT “Caiketa”. amis mizezi dedamiwis mier

gamowveuli mimoqceviTi deformaciebis “xaxunis” efeqtis gamo.

kuTxe, romliTac moCans mTvare dedamiwidan, mcired icvleba

(varirebs), ris gamoc misi zedapiris 59%-is danaxva SeiZleba (ra Tqma

unda erT danaxvaze mxolod 50%-s). am movlenas libracia ewodeba

"mTvaris axlo mxare"   "მთვარის შორეული მხარე"

   dedamiwisaken moqceul mxares axlo mxare ewodeba, xolo sapirispiro

mxares Soreuli mxare. mTvaris Soreuli mxare pirvelad gadaiRo

sabWoTa xomaldma “luna” 3-ma 1959 wels. aRsaniSnavia, rom Soreul

mxares ar aris e. w. mTvaris “zRvebi” (maria) gamorCeuli

 

 

amerikeli astronavti mTvareze Apollo 11, 1969 weli
mTvare erTaderTi ciuri sxeulia sadac adamiani imyofeboda. mTvares

pirvelad sabWoTa kavSiris kosmosurma raketebma miaRwia. es upiloto

daSvebebi iyo (programa “luna”) am programis farglebSi mTvareze

ramdenjerme daeSva robototeqnika - mTvaremavali (“lunaxodi”).

adamianis daSveba mTvareze ganxorcielda NASA-s programis Apollo-s

farglebSi. 1968 wels Apollo 8-m sam astronavtTan erTad Semoufrina

mTvares, xolo 1969-1972 ww. amerikeli astronavtebi 6-jer daeSvnen

mTvareze (pirveli xomaldi, romelic mTvareze daeSva iyo Apollo 11,

1969 wels). amis Semdeg kidev ramdenime roboti gaigzavna mTvareze. aSS

apirebs mTvaris programis ganaxlebas 2018 wlidan

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